There are numerous types of irrigation systems. Some are quite basic, whereas others require much more equipment and maintenance.
The system consists of pumps, ditches, gates and canals to raise and distribute water equally across fields. It is the most expensive kind of irrigation system.
Surface Irrigation
Surface irrigation is one of the most commonly used systems of water supply. It requires a low investment in capital and a basic understanding of modern technology, and is able to be utilized even in sloping fields. It is also the most efficient method of irrigating sloping fields due to the fact that gravity is used to transfer water to the field, thereby saving on energy costs. The system is difficult to control and may result in fields being overflowing for prolonged periods of time.
It is classified into three categories: Basin irrigation, furrow irrigation and border irrigation. Basin irrigation is the most popular kind of surface water irrigation. It consists of diked areas which allow the surface water to flow undirected. The systems can be built in a variety of shapes and sizes to accommodate various cropping patterns and soil conditions. It is also possible to be altered with corrugated surfaces or sand-filled trenches to improve soil quality and distribute water.
Another advantage for these systems is the easy maintenance. The lateral pipes are able to be cleaned and examined easily. They can also be flushed to ensure that they don’t get blocked by sediment or salts. This is an benefit over drip irrigation, where the lateral tubes must be buried underground. This makes them harder to maintain and examine.
Drip Irrigation
Drip irrigation is a low pressure method of drip irrigation that directs water into the plant. It’s an extremely efficient method to water because the water flows directly to the plant’s root. It’s also a fantastic method for soils with sandy soils since it spreads the water across a wider area than surface irrigation techniques. Residential landscape plantings and row crop production for commercial purposes may be benefited by drip irrigation.
The system consists of a pump unit that collects water from the source and delivers the proper pressure to deliver it into a pipe system that is then able to transport it into the field (see Figure below). In some instances the need for a settling pond may be necessary. It is important that the pump unit is properly sized in order to avoid damaging to the soil or plants. Filters are utilized to remove the seeds of weeds, fertilizer residues and chemicals dispersed in water that might precipitate. (For instance calcium, iron and magnesium). Chemical injection units are frequently used to inject a controlled amount of fungicide, insecticide or herbicide into the irrigation water throughout each cycle of irrigation.
PVC pipes are used to transport water from reservoirs into the fields. Pipes may differ in terms of size and diameter. Some PVC pipe is flexible and bends easily, whereas other types are rigid and feature a smooth bore. The emitters (nozzles) that are placed along the length are chosen based on the soil and crop conditions. Certain nozzles are compensated for pressure, ensuring an even flow across the range of operating pressures and elevations.
Sprinkler irrigation
Sprinkler irrigation resembles rain by evenly spraying water drops over the surface of the soil. This type of irrigation is suitable well for a wide range of crops, including fruits and vegetables. This kind of irrigation provides a lush, green environment which is nearly hands-free.
Sprinkler systems, as with other irrigation methods, have advantages and disadvantages, based on the field’s terrain. Some systems are only suitable for specific bec tuoi phun mua terrains, whereas others can be very expensive.
A center pivot irrigation system is one of the most widely used systems. The system consists of several towers that rotate and move around in a circle in order to water the crops. The rotation and movement of the towers is controlled by an electronic control unit. Operators can use a cell phone or satellite radio to communicate with the machine and remotely control the operation.
Linear-move, traveling big guns and side roll systems operate similar to centers pivot systems, however they are designed to irrigate rectangular fields. These systems are labor heavy during the summer, but have lower long-term system costs.
The solid-set system was designed to be used for perennial lawns, turfs and other plants. They’re low-cost and offer uniform coverage that promotes balanced growth and high yields. These are a great option to use alongside fertilizers for a simultaneous application of water and nutrients, also known as fertigation. This will enhance the absorption of nutrients.
Methods of irrigation
Irrigation is the art of pouring water over soil in order to maintain a constant amount of water. It can be done in many ways that include spraying, tubes and pumps. In places that do not have enough rain to sustain plants, irrigation might be required.
The first civilizations constructed dams, canals, and elaborate systems of irrigation channels to ensure agriculture and food. The same results with less energy, thanks to modern technology.
Surface irrigation has three subcategories including border, furrow and basin. This involves an enclosed field that is protected by levees to prevent water from escaping. This technique is ideal for crops like rice that are tolerant of flooding.
A variation on conventional flood irrigation is the surge flooding. This method uses gated pipe with solar or batteries powered controllers. The valves permit water to flow in the field, then shut it off. This causes the pulses of irrigation, which help to help to reduce runoff.
This system is suitable for many different crops. It also works well on uneven terrain. It is important that the rate of inflow be high enough to move the water forward, but not so large as to wash away the fertile soil. It should also not cause the condition known as waterlogging in which the soil is saturated.
